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Yasnaya Polyana
Yasnaya Polyana ((ロシア語:Я́сная Поля́на), literally: "Bright Glade") was the home of the writer Leo Tolstoy, where he was born, wrote ''War and Peace'' and ''Anna Karenina'', and is buried. Tolstoy called Yasnaya Polyana his "inaccessible literary stronghold".〔Suzanne Massie, ''Land of the Firebird'', p. 308〕 It is located southwest of Tula, Russia and from Moscow.
In June 1921, the estate was nationalized and formally became his memorial museum. It was at first run by Alexandra Tolstaya, the writer's daughter. The current director of the museum is Vladimir Tolstoy, also one of Tolstoy's descendants.〔http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/21/books/in-putins-nationalist-russia-a-tolstoy-as-cultural-diplomat.html?ref=books&_r=0〕 The museum contains Tolstoy's personal effects and movables, as well as his library of 22,000 volumes. The estate-museum contains the writer's mansion, the school he founded for peasant children and a park where Tolstoy's unadorned grave is found.
==Early history==
The estate of Yasnaya Polyana was originally owned by the Kartsev family. At the end of the 18th century it was purchased by Prince Nikolai Volkonskiy, the grandfather of the writer, who created a formal French garden and an English landscape garden, as well as long alleys of birch and oak trees.〔Official site of Yasnaya Polyana Museum 〕
The house passed from Nikolai Volkonskiy to his only daughter, Maria Nikolayevna, the mother of Leo Tolstoy. Her husband, Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy, a veteran of the war against Napoleon in 1812, built a 32-room house and an ensemble of work buildings, and enlarged the park.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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